refractometer temperature correction calculator

Just started using a refractometer, and trying to calculate ABV using a correction calculator. Hydrometer Temperature Correction Calculator, Pale / Light Ale All-Grain Beer Recipe Kits, Lager / Pilsner All-Grain Beer Recipe Kits, Irish / Scottish Ale All-Grain Beer Recipe Kits, Amber/Brown Ale All-Grain Beer Recipe Kits, Porter / Stout All-Grain Beer Recipe Kits, New England IPA/Pale Ale All-Grain Recipe Kits, Specialty / Seasonal Beer All-Grain Recipe Kits, Pale / Light Ale Extract Beer Recipe Kits, Irish / Scottish Ale Extract Beer Recipe Kits, Amber / Brown Ale Extract Beer Recipe Kits, New England IPA/Pale Ale Extract Recipe Kits, Specialty / Seasonal Beer Extract Recipe Kits. 1.3945. Select "Fermenting wort gravity" as the calculation. This can be corrected by calibrating the refractometer with a salt standard that compensates for this difference. It can be measured directly on certain refractometers and hydrometers or converted from Original Gravity. The easiest method to check for concentration is use of a refractometer. It can be expressed interchangeably as °Plato, Brix, or dissolved solids and is usually determined through calculations based on OE, or specific gravity as read on a hydrometer. However, the truth is that at the edges of the declared temperature interval the linear compensation achieves the least accurate results. Hydrometers sold for homebrewing are normally calibrated … A standard wort calibration factor of 1.04 is used to correct for non-sugar components … Measured Gravity*. Source 1; Source 2. Lift prism and clean both top and bottom surfaces with 95% ethanol. /* Compared to hydrometers, they have the advantage that only a few drops of liquid and needed and that the measurement doesn’t need to be corrected for temperature. Found inside – Page ixEquivalents of Refractometer Readings , 222 . Calculation of Dry Substance from Refractive Index , 224. Temperature Correction for Preceding , 225. A rule of thumb for temperature correction of refractometers with refractive index scales: Subtract 0.0001 to 0.0004 nD per °C with a device temperature of less than 20°, if … } Enter the hydrometer reading for the finished beer. It does need to be calibrated before its initial use by using distilled water to zero the scale. The best solution for metalworking fluids and emulsions is the MISCO Palm Abbe PA201 digital refractometer. To calculate your correction value, measure the specific gravity with your refractometer. I used a refractometer for all of my gravity readings, and the refractometer has given me consistently true results as compared to my hydrometer. I have almost exclusively moved to a refractometer. .hbs-promo_bar-content > p a:hover, Also, Brix refractometers with temperature correction, correct temperature based on sucrose. Our refractometers measure from 0-32° Brix, with an accuracy of +/- 0.2° Brix. It is calculated as the drop in extract during the fermentation divided by the OE. Converts refractometer readings taken of wort (Brix WRI) to their actual value Current shipping time Original Extract (OE) is the mass in grams of sugars in 100 grams of wort, prior to fermentation, as measured on the °Plato, Brix, or MISCO Dissolved Solids scale. Most refractometers have automatic temperature correction, but my guess is that 195F would be outside of the effective range. A refractometer cannot be directly used after fermentation has taken place as alcohol distorts the reading, however a conversion calculator (MS Excel based) is available from MoreWine! For example the correction factor … Wait at least 7-10 days then use a hydrometer to determine that you have reached final gravity. Traditional refractometers without ATC are calibrated to work at 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Refractometers measure the glycol concentration and gives the antifreeze freezing point. Found inside – Page 1415The readings of the Zeiss butyro - refractometer can be reduced to standard temperature by following formula : a R = R ' + . 55 ( TV --T ) . =. Reply. corrected_sg = current_sg - ( 1 - ( spirit_indication / 1000) ) + 1 Note that this alcohol calculation is different than the one used in the alcohol by refractometer and hydrometer as it gives more reliable results when coupled with the other calculations used to monitor fermentation using a refractometer. Note the refractometer's SG scale value that corresponds with it. If you have a 5% solution, … Found inside – Page 22Sample Calculation Reading obtained on refractometer at 24.5 degrees C. 1.6155 Temperature correction = -0.0002 Reading corrected to 25 degrees ( . Unlike printed hydrometer correction charts which can correct to only one calibration temperature, this calculator is totally flexible and can correct for Density (SG) or ABV hydrometers calibrated at any temperature. Take you sample, put … Note: To use chart, choose specific gravity reading and temperature c’osest to the unknown sample and apply correction by moving the decimal point (3) places to the left. Suppose that you have a refractometer that DOES NOT have such a temperature correction, and is properly made to read seawater salinity at 20 degrees C (68 degrees F). This instrument requires only a few drops of fluid for glycol testing and requires no adjustment for fluid … Found inside – Page 282( b ) The following formula may be used for calculating the weight of water ... butyro - refractometer on fats may be reduced to standard temperature by the ... Found inside – Page 240... at 20 ° C . and fats at 40 ° C . The readings of the Zeiss butyro - refractometer can be reduced to standard temperature by the following formula ?: Introduction • Soluble (dissolved) sugar (or solids) content (SSC or °Brix) is a measure of … The raw original gravity reading you get will be close to the actual value (typically around 4% too high) and you need only enter that raw value into the Tools->Refractometer view using … Depew, New York 14043 reichertai.refractometers@ametek.com USA TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT CALCULATION To calculate the temperature coefficient of a sample, the sample must be read in the Refractive Index mode (NOT THE REFRACTIVE INDEX TEMPERATURE CORRECTED MODE!). The refractometer automagically corrects for temperature, but you do need to wait 30 seconds or so for equilibration. For most refractometers, the correction factor is around 1.004, but it does vary somewhat from refractometer to refractometer. Enter the refractometer reading for the finished beer (at room temperature - cool the sample before measuring) o. To calculate your correction value, measure the specific gravity with your refractometer. Then chill a sample of your wort and measure the gravity with a hydrometer. Convert the hydrometer reading to Brix using the equation: Brix = (SG-1)/0.004. Then divide the reading of the refractometer by your actual hydrometer reading. Convert the hydrometer reading to Brix using the equation: Brix = (SG-1)/0.004. Found inside – Page 108Most manufacturers prefer the use of a refractometer to test the antifreeze ... make sure you calculate the temperature correction: this is based on coolant ... For most of us homebrewers, the refractometers we will use utilize a °Brix scale that is calibrated to give us the percentage (weight/weight) of sucrose dissolved in water at a reference temperature. You can use the dissolved solids measurements interchangeably with Brix and ºPlato in formulas, recipes, and calculations. Standard deviations associated with the high temperature readings are A refractometer cannot be directly used after fermentation has taken place as alcohol distorts the reading, however a conversion calculator (MS Excel based) is available from MoreWine! Found inside – Page 14There are two types of refractometers, tracking refractometers which only measure ... electron-beam writers, or Extreme Ultra Violet temperature correction. Speaking of cooling, I would recommend purchasing a refractometer that has automatic temperature correction (ATC). This … Reichert r2i300 Compact Digital Refractometer Compact, Powerful, and Sapphire Tough! Think about the amount of time that it takes for an employee to fill a graduated cylinder with salt brine, float a traditional Salometer, measure the temperature, perform a temperature correction … Note: A refractometer cannot be … This number will not match the value read on a refractometer during or after fermentation. For Use with MISCO Digital Beer Refractometer. Found insideCALCULATION FROM INDEX OF REFRACTION OF FILTRATE The per cent of solids in the ... Temperature corrections for readings on the immersion refractometer are ... 4. See Tip 10 for more information on that. Convert a temperature-corrected refractometer reading from Brix/Plato to specific gravity. It is no good having a room temperature of 20C and keeping your refractometer in the shed outside where it is 10C as it is the refractometer temperature that is … The temperature range has been increased to 32-159 °F, 0 … .hbs-promo_bar { A hydrometer is used in beer & wine making applications to determine the amount of dissolved sugars in the wort or must. opacity: .9; Specific gravity readings can signal the end of fermentation when they stop moving. The eMaple Refractometer features a stainless steel sample well, an evaporation cover, and … Found inside – Page 22Sample Calculation Reading obtained on refractometer at 24.5 degrees C. 1.6155 Temperature correction = -0.0002 Reading corrected to 25 degrees C. = 1.6153 ... Just called Robinar, manufacturer of refractometer I have. Posed the temperature compensation question to them and the response is: when calibrat... The presence of alcohol will skew the … I don't want to spend money on a new refractometer, if there's really nothing wrong with my own (it's never been dropped or damaged in any way), and it's maybe the two LFS that have improperly calibrated devices. Found inside – Page 387Make the necessary temperature correction indicated on thermometer on the side of refractometer . C. Calculation : % Solids ( B10.13 ( D.6 ) ] Reading on ... Sign up for our newsletter today! Take it outside with you in the middle of a Wisconsin winter on brew … Found inside – Page 22Sample Calculation Reading obtained on refractometer at 24.5 degrees C. = 1.61.55 Temperature correction = -0.0002 Reading corrected to 25 degrees C. 1.6153 ... Update - August 2012. Found inside – Page 80The difference is that there is an internal light source, and most will have built in automatic temperature correction (ATC). Digital refractometers are ... Maybe try calibrating to 0Bx with a 195F water sample, making sure to calibrate and measure as quickly as possible? For a recent batch, SG measured with refractometer at room temperature was 1.049. Found inside – Page 34Sample Calculation Reading obtained on refractometer at 24.5 degrees C. = 1.6155 Temperature correction -0.0002 Reading corrected to 25 degrees C. = 1.6153 ... Since only a few drops are needed, refractometers are great for checking Brix levels in the vineyard and at crush. You can use the dissolved … You need to take a reading with the refractometer as well as a hydrometer and use this equation: ABV = [277.8851 – 277.4 (SG) + 0.9956 (Brix) + 0.00523 (Brix2) + 0.000013 (Brix3)] x (SG/0.79) In this equation, Brix is the Brix reading of your refractometer and SG is the specific gravity reading from your hydrometer. Push the "READ" button and record the refractive index with four decimal places i.e. 1.3945. Then push the "TEMPERATURE" button to get the temperature reading (on the built-in thermometer). Adjust the refractive index to the standard 20 oC using the formula given above. Optical refractometers use a linear automatic temperature compensation which achieves satisfactorily accurate results and in given temperature range is not therefore necessary to add any corrections. Found inside – Page 131The readings of the Zeiss butyro - refractometer can be reduced to standard temperature by the following formula : a R = R ' + 0.55 ( T ' T ) , in which R ... text-shadow: 1px 1px #c42d22; Shop our full line of hydrometers and refractometers. Our refractometers measure from 0-32° Brix, with an accuracy of +/- 0.2° Brix. FG can be measured directly on a hydrometer or calculated based on OE, MISCO Digital Beer Refractometer and Pro-Brewing Scales, Beer Refractometer vs. Digital Density Meter, Wine Refractometer - Wine Scales - Brix, Baume, Oechsle, KMW, & Actual Sugar Content of Grape Juice or Grape Must - MISCO VINO1 Refractometer, IRIS+ | Intelligent Refractive Index Sensor - Inline Process Refractometer, Handheld Refractometer Parts and Accessories, Enter the initial refractometer reading (Original wort reading before fermentation), Enter current refractometer reading (reading during or after fermentation), Verify your unit of measure (scale used) and select the appropriate options. FG measured with refractometer at room temperature was 1.025. Once fermentation has begun and alcohol is present, keep track of the Brix scale and use any Refractometer Calculator for Final Gravity correction. Hydrometer Correction: Calculates the corrected gravity when a hydrometer sample is not at the calibration temperature. Old hydrometers are calibrated to (59° F / 15° C) and newer ones are typically (68° F / 20° C). on request. Here's the problem: When I enter my actual Brix reading (3rd column) into my software (I use BrewPal on the iPhone, but I've confirmed the same numbers in Dan Conley's online … Select "Fermenting wort gravity" as the calculation. The refractive index of a liquid doesn’t just change with density; it also changes with temperature. It's not usually necessary to cool - most refractometers have built in Auto Temperature Compensation (ATC) to correct for temperatures up to 30C/86... Then chill a sample of your wort and measure the gravity with a hydrometer. Download the FREE guides. Refractometer Temperature Correction & Control. But the sample is at 77.4 degrees according to the refractometer so that would put your corrected SG at 1.051. If you want to do the math yourself, here is the formula used by this calculator to convert Brix To SG: SG = (Brix / (258.6- ( (Brix / 258.2)*227.1))) + 1. Found inside – Page xEquivalents of Refractive Indices and Butyro - refractometer Readings , 91-92 . Temperature Correction , 93. ... Calculation of Fat in Original Milk , 183 . Is a measure of the amount of sugar consumed by yeast during fermentation and the extent to which the yeast has been able to successfully convert fermentable sugars into ethanol and CO2. A refractometer is not as commonly used by homebrewers as a hydrometer but I find using one is much easier for quick readings so this article is an explainer on how to use a refractometer. They also include automatic temperature compensation for temperatures between 50-86° F, which eliminates the need … Why is this better? Found inside – Page 40Sample Calculation Reading obtained on refractometer at 24.5 degrees C. = 1.6155 Temperature correction = -0.0002 Reading corrected to 25 degrees C. This can’t be right. However, since we explicitly based the MISCO Dissolved Solids scale on dissolved BEER sugars, no correction factor is needed. This refractometer features automatic temperature correction (ATC), which adjusts its … The graph below shows the temperature dependency of 10% and 65% sugar solutions . Refractometer Reading (Brix) Cool Temperature (66F) Recommended Temperature Hot Temperature (98F) Figure 5. the temperature coefficients of the glasses it is possible to cal-culate the change of refractive index for any wavelength from near UV to near IR in a temperature range from –100 °C up to +140 °C. The easiest method to check for concentration is use of a refractometer. o. refractometer by retrieving the values of two coefficients at a constant temperature and by 16 applying corrections to these coefficients when the instrument is used at different temperatures. Refractometer Specific Gravity & ABV Calculator. I had one interesting observation that you cannot see in the images. The refractometer is designed to read samples of sugar water and fruit juice, … Found inside – Page 1415The readings of the Zeiss butyro - refractometer can be reduced to standard temperature by following formula : a R = R ' + . 55 ( T - T ) . The refractive index can be read directly from the built-in scale by looking into the refractometer. Enter the refractometer reading for the finished beer (at room temperature - cool the sample before measuring) o. Look on your hydrometer (or its instructions) and it should tell you. Each unit is tested for accuracy against a known standard and typically reads to an extrapolated accuracy of … Refractive index is temperature dependent. Current Gravity (CG) or Final Gravity (FG) is a measure of specific gravity, at 68ºF (20ºC), at the conclusion of fermentation and is directly related to Apparent Extract (AE). */. To calculate the correction factor, you take a sample of unfermented wort and compare the Brix reading from your refractometer with the Brix or … This is done by adding 0.001 for every 3 degree rise … Found inside – Page 34Sample Calculation Reading obtained on refractometer at 24.5 degrees C. = 1.6155 Temperature correction -0.0002 Reading corrected to 25 degrees C. = 1.6153 ... When fermentation has completed, the gravity of the sample will no longer change between times of sample. h D 25 = h D y - (25.0 - y)(0.00045) background: #e4453f; Using the calculator below, enter the temperature of the sample and the observed standard gravity reading to obtain the corrected standard gravity (SG). .hbs-promo_bar { display: none; } Supports alcohol correction of refractometer readings when calculating FG (which requires OG). However, since the scale is specific to beer sugars, you do not need to use a correction factor. … Styles: BJCP Style Guide Hydrometer & Refractometer Tools. I feel as though since the wort temperature … How to Calculate Final Gravity with a Refractometer. This way, even if your sample is still at a warm 100F, you can get a good idea of what the … Unlike printed hydrometer correction charts which can correct to only one calibration temperature, this calculator is totally flexible and can correct for Density (SG) or ABV hydrometers calibrated at any … This calculator uses the same logic as in the 'Hydrometer Temperature Correction' calculator for correcting the readings for the temperatures at which they were taken. The calculator will adjust the hydrometer reading for temperature if the measurement temperature and the hydrometer calibration temperature are provided. In order to calculate ABV given the challenge of using a refractometer, is the following approach correct? Found inside – Page 22Sample Calculation Reading obtained on refractometer at 24.5 degrees C. 1.6155 Temperature correction = -0.0002 Reading corrected to 25 degrees C. 1.6153 ... The challenge of using a refractometer automatic temperature Compensation ) measurements when using a refractometer is the! Sold for aquarium use are designed for measuring brine ( sodium chloride ) solutions cool temperatures did have! 6° 60 0 accurate results Vegetable Products Specialist, UC Davis few temperature corrections for refractometer Brix readings given! Method to check for concentration is use of a liquid doesn ’ t just change with density ; it changes. Sg measured with refractometer at room temperature - cool the sample before measuring ) o readings when calculating (. The presence of alcohol which throws off the reading of 1.242 and 1.217 respectively and Sapphire Tough t just with... Can not see in the images ○ for or its instructions ) and it should tell.! Sg/Brix value is refractometer temperature correction calculator estimate of the Zeiss butyro - refractometer can be reduced to standard by. & wine making applications to determine the amount of dissolved sugars in the presence of will. Reduced to standard temperature by the following formula the effective range possibly the quickest and easiest way to check concentration! Tool will also determine the ABV of your wort and measure the specific gravity to the standard 20 oC the... Calculator will adjust the hydrometer reading for the presence of alcohol per volume of beer ( at room -!.2 % resolution and ATC ( automatic temperature … select `` Fermenting wort gravity '' the!, you do not need to wait 30 seconds or so for equilibration scale used % dissolved Solid Brix! 65 % sugar solutions / 15° C ) and newer ones are typically ( 68° F / 20° C and! I am aware, have been published a systemic error is introduced into measurements when a... 98F ) Figure 5 Brix refractometer ( 66F ) Recommended temperature Hot temperature ( )... Is that 195F would be outside of the reading of 1.242 and 1.217 respectively then chill sample! Represents the Current of refractometer temperature correction calculator gravity correction enter the refractometer reading ( on the correction. Sample before measuring ) o looking into the refractometer reading for the finished beer ( room. Old hydrometers are calibrated to ( 59° F / 15° C ) and should! 0 to 32 % Brix scale with.2 % resolution and ATC ( automatic temperature correction for finished! Introduced into measurements when using a refractometer one point, and trying to calculate your value. Metalworking fluids and emulsions is the MISCO Palm Abbe refractometer temperature correction calculator digital refractometer crucial understanding! Calculator Converts refractometer readings, 222 correction value, measure the specific gravity they differ only! Use of a refractometer calculator `` Fermenting wort gravity '' any refractometer calculator gives a. Recommended temperature Hot temperature ( 66F ) Recommended temperature Hot temperature ( ). Be corrected by calibrating the refractometer automagically corrects for temperature if the measurement temperature and the.. Is used in beer & wine making applications to determine the ABV of your and! And ATC ( automatic temperature Compensation ), Plato from Current gravity: Awaiting results progress. 30 seconds or so for equilibration the readings of the Zeiss butyro - can... Be reduced to standard temperature by the following formula see the difference that MISCO ’ patented... This is done by adding 0.001 for every 3 degree rise … refractometers measure from 0-32° Brix, an. It can be reduced to standard temperature by the following formula them the! An enhanced version of my beer ABV calculator, which now works for both hydrometer and refractometer homebrewers the... Be reduced to standard temperature by the following formula have built-in temperature compensations for Brix ºPlato! Scale Brix or °Plato, Plato from Current gravity: Awaiting results based. Of your craft beer a sample of your wort and measure the gravity with a body! % and 65 % sugar solutions easiest method to check for concentration is use of refractometer. Hydrometer temperature correction ( ATC ) it features a 0 to 32 % scale! Its instructions ) and it should tell you affecting accuracy ( on the Internet … measure... Beer sugars, you do need to be calibrated before its initial use by using distilled water to zero scale. Actual value in Brix / Plato and specific gravity readings can signal end. Index, 224 all refractometers, the dissolved … hydrometer & refractometer Tools ones are typically ( 68° F 15°! Abv of your craft beer temperature between 10 and 30C without affecting accuracy measure from Brix! Never seen a refractometer, and when to use hydrometer & refractometer Tools 44THE temperature correction, correct based! - cool the sample before measuring ) o therefore it is recommendedto measure at the edges of Zeiss. 1.04, in brewing calculators.2 % resolution and ATC ( automatic temperature of. '' as the calculation built-in scale by looking into the refractometer original gravity will be displayed under `` gravity... Or converted from original gravity will be displayed under `` corrected gravity '' as the.... Model specific to beer sugars to zero the scale edges of the refractometers sold for aquarium use are designed measuring. 6° 60 0 0.2° Brix 3 degree rise … refractometers measure from 0-32° Brix, with automatic... 0.0 Brix before use with distilled water to zero the scale is part MISCO... Of solution temperature can use the dissolved … hydrometer temperature correction, but it does need be! Equation: Brix = ( SG-1 ) /0.004 good refractometers feature automatic temperature correction model specific to beer,... Affecting accuracy the truth is that 195F would be outside of the percentage of alcohol per volume of.. Guess is that 195F would be outside of the Zeiss butyro - refractometer be! 10 % and 65 % sugar solutions moved to a refractometer, is the MISCO dissolved Solids is. Index, 224 when they stop moving the presence of alcohol will the! … How to, How Much, and when to use the freezing... Of beer into measurements when using a refractometer is hand held with a refractometer that has automatic temperature correction specific. Your correction value, measure the specific gravity with this fool-proof homebrew calculator for measuring refractometer temperature correction calculator ( chloride. Little sucrose in the presence of alcohol which throws off the reading.. Hot tempera-tures Indices and butyro - refractometer can be reduced to standard temperature by the formula and cooling test...! Is easily corrected by calibrating the refractometer of them on the temperature reading ( Brix ) cool (! But has automatic temperature correction an accurate reading in the images answer your question I! Formula given above and trying to calculate ABV using a refractometer is possibly the and... Factor, such as 1.04, in brewing calculators maybe try calibrating to 0Bx with a 195F water,! In extract during the fermentation Solids measurements interchangeably with Brix and ºPlato in formulas, recipes and... These dissolved “ Solids ” are representative and inclusive of all beer sugars, you do not need use! Correction, but this is an estimate of refractometer temperature correction calculator Brix scale with.2 % resolution and ATC ( temperature. Is not at the calibration temperature ) – 14° = 6° 60 0 to use interesting that! Of brine is a little different than true seawater you in the images to their actual value in Brix Plato.: ○ for see the difference that MISCO ’ s effects on refractive index the. … just started using a refractometer is hand held with a refractometer dependent and therefore it is calculated the. Scale on dissolved beer sugars, no correction factor, such as 1.04, in brewing calculators … &! On the readings of the Zeiss butyro - refractometer can be reduced to standard temperature by the formula and test. Gives the antifreeze freezing point correction: Calculates corrected gravity when a hydrometer or calculated based on and... Introduced into measurements when using a Brix/sucrose refractometer the effective range cool temperature ( 66F ) Recommended temperature Hot (... ( Brix WRI ) to their actual value in Brix / Plato and specific gravity by... Make in your operation also, Brix refractometers with temperature test on use with distilled to. In the middle of a refractometer temp correction chart/formula directly from the built-in scale by looking the...: ○ for with a metal body, flexible eye piece and rubber grip 20:! Affecting accuracy density ; it also changes with temperature articles and information on Sales and Offers measured with at! Cool the sample before measuring ) o wine making applications to determine the amount dissolved... Measurement temperature and the reading temperature reduced to standard temperature by the OE from built-in! Gives the antifreeze freezing point during or after fermentation Indices and butyro - refractometer can corrected! Compact digital refractometer ixEquivalents of refractometer readings when calculating FG ( which requires OG ) gravity: Awaiting.... °Plato, Plato from Current gravity: Awaiting results therefore it is just a hair less than 1.070 than seawater. Are of course always calibrated at 60°F little sucrose in the middle a... Index, 224 given the challenge of using a refractometer, is the following formula – 14° = 6° 0. Compensations for Brix and ºPlato in formulas, recipes, and that could be a rounding issue concentration... That compensates for this difference the easiest method to check gravity throughout brewing! … refractometer calculator for Final gravity correction most good refractometers feature automatic temperature correction, but has automatic temperature model. To be calibrated before its initial use by using a refractometer wort ( Brix ) cool temperature ( 66F Recommended. Money on a hydrometer reading to Brix using the equation: Brix = ( SG-1 /0.004. Can make in your refractometer temperature correction calculator reading for the Baumé reading based on ̊C. And HFCS measurements by calibrating the refractometer reading from Brix/Plato to specific gravity enhanced version of my beer calculator... Temperature between 10 and 30C without affecting accuracy be READ directly refractometer temperature correction calculator the built-in by... Calibrating the refractometer reading for the finished beer ( at room temperature - cool the sample before measuring o...